BRUSA&GARBOLI srl has been engineering and manufacturing for 20 years special machines for grinding, satin finishing, polishing and surface conditioning on bars, sheets, plates and tubular items as well as straight and bent tubes, having oval, elliptical, square and irregular section, made of stainless steel, iron, brass, aluminium, titanium, copper and special materials such as carbon fibre or plastic materials.
Moreover, beside standard grinding and polishing machines also further machines for different tasks , like tube notchers, deburring units and pipe drilling machines have been successfully developed from our engineering department.
On the next EUROBLECH Exhibition there will be on show our NEW orbital brush deburring machine model GPS-Orbital, dry or wet operated, for deburring and edge rounding operations on metal sheets subject to punching, shearing, plasma cut or laser cut.
GPS-Orbital deburring machine works with automatic feed and is suitable for flat surfaces with max width 300 mm. and max thickness 150 mm.
Beside this also our new machine model LPC500TE will be put on show: this orbital belts polishing machine enables to grind, finish and polish very bent pipes up to 90 degrees and with maximum diameter 200 mm.
It will be our pleasure to show latest novelties at our booth C125 in Hall 13
It is a punching line with a 10 ton-power vertical head. It was conceived and made for the production of average sized material. Max. sizes of the tubes:
80X60 mm and Ø 60 mm.
Max. sizes of flat bars: 80X8mm.
It is built with a closed-loop structure that grants a long lasting to dies and punches and it is equipped with a quick changing of the tools, thanks to our successful and handy quick-locking system.
The machine punches the end of the bars by performing precision holes in a single run through the machine.
We can supply it with an automatic bar feeder ALX or “Speedy”, both position the bars automatically and they “guide” them during the punching step. The former one is quicker than the latter. Programming is easy and intuitive thanks to the graphics of the alphanumeric display; the programs can be downloaded on a USB stick and they can be saved in a limitless number.
Modular with self-standing structure can be supplied in two lengths, in 2 or 3 meters and it is ready for use without needing the installation!
Elsa Fornero (University of Turin and Collegio Carlo Alberto) Ivan Lagrosa (Bocconi University & IGIER)
The complex relationship between the pension system and the labor market:
Social security reforms focused on increasing the retirement age have often been accompanied by strong criticism and concerns about their possible impact on employment, particularly of young people and women. Both the economic logic and the data show, however, how these fears are not necessarily founded and how are instead appropriate policies aimed at giving sustainability to the system retirement not only through formulas of greater equity within and between generations, but also through measures to make the labor market more inclusive and dynamic.
Demography, economic growth and innovation: a context of complex relationships
The progress in health conditions, the increase in life expectancy and the sharp fall in birth rates have led to a demographic transition that is leading to a partial inversion of the pyramid by age of the population: few young people at the base and an ever-increasing number of senior citizens at the top. (figure 1):
The phenomenon obviously does not concern only our country: according to estimates by Eurostat, in 2080 the share of the European population between 15 and 64 will change from the current two thirds to just over half, to the benefit of the share of people with more than 64 years, which will reach 28.1 percent instead.
While demographic changes are reshaping our society by focusing on the problems affecting relations between generations and migratory phenomena, on the other, low rates of economic growth exacerbate the demographic problem, making it more difficult to finance promised services. in years when everything seemed to have to prosper endlessly. From here, if we restrict the field to the world of pensions, the urgency and the need for structural reforms that improve the interaction between the labor market and the social security system, through the increase in participation rates and investment in capital human, ie the skills and knowledge necessary for productivity growth. In a context of strong technological innovation, the theme of competences will indeed be crucial for guaranteeing good work paths and, therefore, adequate social security benefits. Investments in the training system and, in particular, in continuous training mechanisms will be more than ever necessary to provide workers with the skills required by a continuously – and increasingly rapid – evolving labor market.
Labor market and social security system:
With the introduction of the contributory method of calculating pension benefits, in the absence of a good working life – in terms of quality and continuity – it is impossible to develop a good pension. Two important consequences derive from this consideration: political action must firstly focus on the conditions that favor the employment of the largest possible number of people and, on the other, assist those who have reached retirement age, they bring in an unfortunate work path and therefore a “pension wealth” insufficient to finance an adequate pension. The relationship between the pension system and the labor market is therefore binary: a good labor market, inclusive and dynamic, is the best prerequisite for obtaining adequate pensions; and a good pension system must not penalize work, making early exit (retirement pension) convenient, but rather must encourage employment, obviously of people in good physical condition.
On the labor market front, one of the greatest difficulties today concerns the precarious work and income of young people, which requires first of all interventions on the scholastic and extra-scholastic training processes, and measures to make the various accompanying measures work. integration and activation already foreseen by the system.
On the other hand, the employment difficulties of older people run the risk of nullifying the effect of increasing retirement age on the extension of working life. Training programs specifically targeted at this age group, the expansion of part-time and (why not?) Options, occasional but regular, pension loans and, even, figurative contributions represent a battery of instruments that can be perfectly integrated into the contributory pension system.
Work less to work all?
Beyond the changes in the pension formulas – from the retributive to the contributory ones – the demographic dynamics of the last decades have forced numerous OECD countries to raise the retirement age, with the aim of making the respective pension systems sustainable over time. Similar adaptation interventions have often been accompanied, in Italy as abroad, by strong concerns about their possible impact on the employment side, in particular with an eye to young people. In order for a prolonged stay in the workplace of the elderly to have a negative impact on the employment opportunities of the young people, on the one hand, the jobs offered by a market may be considered as fixed over time – a sort of zero-sum budget. – and that, on the other, young and old can be easily replaced in their workplace.
The logic that led Italy – and many other European countries – to lower the effective retirement age until almost the middle of the 1990s, despite the repeated alarms on the sustainability of social security systems, is known in economics as the error of the fixed number of jobs: if the elderly remain in business – it is claimed – there are fewer places for young people. Consequently, it is considered opportune, socially as well as individually, to promote early retirement in order to make way for young people.
However, this is a logic that has no basis in economic theory and which finds little feedback in the data. In fact, the setting of the fixed number of jobs to be divided among workers must be reversed to ask what the characteristics of an inclusive and dynamic labor market are and what policies can incentivize it. From an empirical point of view, data observation shows that countries in which the activity rates of older people are higher are also those with the highest employment rates of young people and women. Although there are no hard rules in economics, Gruber, Milligan and Wise write that “there is no evidence that getting older workers out of the labor market will make jobs available to young people. If anything, the opposite is true; paying because a senior worker exits the labor force reduces the employment rate and increases the unemployment rate of young people and workers with a few years of seniority ». Even more convincing is the evidence provided by the positive relationship between the creation of new jobs for young people and the elderly respectively [Figures 2 and 3]. If there were a mechanism of substitution for the increase of ones it would correspond to a reduction of the others. If they grow together, it means that other factors (for example a lower cost or greater flexibility – not precariousness – of work) are able to determine the growth of both.
Variation of employement rate, average 2007-17Variation of unemployement rate, average 2007-17
Of course, what is worthwhile in the trend may not be confirmed in the short term or in recessionary circumstances, when an increase in the exit age could have a negative effect on the employment of the weaker segment of the labor market, now represented almost everywhere – but in Italy in a particularly accentuated way – by young people. This is the empirical evidence presented in a recent study by T. Boeri, P. Garibaldi and E. Moen. The research, looking at the INPS figures on the corporate tax returns of companies with more than 15 private sector employees – remained active throughout the 2008-2014 period – suggests that the 2011 reform has led to a substitution effect between the employment of older people and that of the youngest, which has experienced a quantifiable reduction in about 37,000 units.
However, a study by the Bank of Italy on data from the ISTAT Labor Force Survey for the period 2004-2016, led by F. Carta, F. D’Amuri and T.M. Wachter (work in progress, cited in the Governor’s Final Considerations 2017), soon to be published, instead shows clear complementary effects also in the short term: at the turn of the 2011 reform, in the period 2004-2016, the relationship between the rate variation youth employment and the change in the employment rate of older people has remained positive; checking for the cyclical conditions, the increase in the number of older workers (55-69 years) is therefore accompanied by an increase, albeit of a lesser extent, by younger workers (15-34 years).
To conclude: The challenges that await our economies in the coming decades are expected to be large and complex: from the aging of the population to the dynamics of low economic growth, passing through a technological innovation that will deeply revolutionize the labor market. With the reforms of the financial sustainability of the pension system, it is now necessary to address the political agenda to actions that act on the employment front, to prepare workers and businesses to seize the opportunities arising from the use of new technologies, and to protect those who instead they are damaged today, in work and salaries, and tomorrow, in retirement. While apprenticeships, continuous training and effective active policies are tools that can alleviate the employment problem, the payment, by the general tax system, of contributions for periods of absence from work due to unemployment or nursing work appears to be able to tackle the pension problem of young people better than promises made by politicians without any connection to the creation of new wealth.
Bibliography:
The work, in its first part, contains a summary of more fully developed topics in:
Elsa Fornero, Who is afraid of reforms, Illusions, clichés and truth about pensions, Università Bocconi Editore, 2018.
The empirical part instead refers to:
J. Gruber and D. Wise, (eds.) Social security programs and retirement around the word. The relationship to youth employment, The University of Chicago Press, 2010
T. Boeri, P. Garibaldi and E. Moen, A clash of generations? Increase in Retirement Age and Labor Demand for Youth, http://www.reforming.it/doc/931/workinps-papers.pdf
The economic situation is quite unstable: on one side, deceleration of economic growth in the Eurozone is more and more sensible, on the other side the same uncertainty on the future of UE the same, are generating instability and fears in stock exchanges and then, as a consequence, in all industrial sectors.
The growth of politic groups which sustain anti-UE ideologies are surely worrying such as the continuous contrasts among members state. Orders dropped only mildly in the first quarter, but current levels are 10% higher compared to the same period last year. Quarterly trade indicators scored lower than in the previous quarter – dragged down by the strong Euro and disputes over tariffs. In spite of this, we exported 10% more than in the first quarter of 2017. As a matter of fact, imports from the Americas plummeted by -95% over the year.
The EU and US have agreed to work towards a close-to-zero tariff policy. Overall, managers in the machine Tool sector remain optimistic about the third quarter. Concerning Far East, economic growth in the region is projected to lose some traction. Q2’s positive export growth performance in the region did not reflect a renewed momentum in global trade but rather the front-loading of production and shipping ahead of the implementation of trade tariffs between China and the United States on 6 July. Moreover, investment dynamics worsened in the region as
economic weaknesses in key global players, including China and the European Union, and mounting geopolitical risks weighed on investor sentiment. This was demonstrated by the broad deterioration of the region’s manufacturing PMI readings in July. Along with trade war risks and slowing global growth, the recent
selloff in emerging markets has led most currencies in the region to depreciate and poses additional risks to East-and South-Asia’s economic outlook. While the impact has been broadly limited for now, with the notable exception of Pakistan, more episodes of capital outflows could seriously hit the region’s financial markets
and put additional strain on the countries’ external positions.
In USA, Economic growth is strengthening to about 3% largely due to a substantial fiscal boost. Employment growth remains robust which, coupled with buoyant asset prices and strong consumer confidence, is sustaining income and consumption growth. Business investment is projected to strengthen as a result of major tax reform and supportive financial conditions. A pick-up in the world economy is underpinning export growth, although tensions have emerged on how best to reduce barriers to trade. Fiscal policy is set to loosen substantially. As spending appropriations are determined, they should prioritise boosting the productive capacity of the economy, such as by supporting infrastructure investment. Fiscal policy combined with structural policies can also help those on the margins of the labour force into employment. As macroeconomic policy rebalances, the
projected gradual withdrawal of monetary accommodation is needed to ensure that inflation returns to target and inflation expectations rise to their historical norms. Heightened risks in the non-financial corporate sector have emerged. It is a confused moment, in which it is difficult to foresee what will be, even in short term. Political instability in Middle East or in Northern Africa, the choices of Turkey in Syrian scenario, the variables of Mid-term election in USA and European elections in next May will make uncertainty even worse.
We live in a period that is quite difficult to understand, when contrasting signal are surging, from rising economies to politic uncertainty, from positive growth to fear for decrease and stagnation. Positive long-lasting trends of past decades are, indeed, matter of past, now we are forced to work with orders for one month maximum: programming is not so easy for company, what reduces margins that are already low. The best solution is cooperation and widen markets and area of interest, that could not be easy for small companies, but is almost possibile, following the model of many companies based in Far East, taking into consideration the differences between the two productive tissues.
AutoForm Engineering presents its newly developed software AutoForm-TryoutAssistant
Designed around tryout specialists’ requirements, this new software can be used next to the tryout press, making mobile digital tryout possible for the first time. AutoForm-TryoutAssistant enables the user to link product and process development to the tryout reality on the shop floor. It establishes a consistent bi-directional information flow between corporate functions, such as Engineering and Tryout. The software allows direct feedback from tryout operations, enabling continuous improvement of the full process and a more effective collaboration among departments. Understanding how the different parameters interact and affect the specific defects on the part enables the tryout operators to reduce the number of correction loops, which results in time and cost savings.
